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The Jingpo Ethnic Group: Primitive Tradition Keeps Dancing with Evolving Inheritance
清晨第一缕阳光洒向中缅边境的群山间，犀鸟在林间翩跹起舞。在景颇族文化中，犀鸟被认为是“百鸟之王”，对犀鸟的崇拜也融入了节庆生活。
As the first ray of morning sunlight spills over the mountains along the China-Myanmar border, hornbills flit and dance among the woods. In Jingpo ethnic culture, the hornbill is honored as the "king of birds," and reverence for it is deeply woven into the ethnic group's festivals and daily life.
目瑙纵歌是景颇族最为隆重的传统节日。它的词意即为“欢聚歌舞”——这也是节日上最主要的活动。
Munao Zongge is the grandest traditional festival of the Jingpo people. The term literally means "gathering to sing and dance" -- the core activity of the festival.
目瑙纵歌产生年代可追溯到原始社会时期，人们在舞场中心立起四根木柱，用来祭祀太阳和指示舞蹈路线。传说中目瑙舞起源于鸟类舞，场地上还会设立以犀鸟、孔雀为形象的木雕。
Dating back to primitive society, the Munao Zongge Festival features four wooden pillars erected at the center of the dance ground to worship the sun and guide the dance route. According to legend, the Munao dance originated from bird dances, and wood carvings shaped like hornbills and peacocks are displayed at the venue.
云南省陇川县的排麻约，自幼跟随父辈们参加节庆活动。2008年，他开始系统性学习“瑙双、瑙巴”领舞技艺。
Pai Mayue from Longchuan County, southwest China's Yunnan Province, has taken part in festival celebrations with his elders since childhood. In 2008, he began systematic training in the leading dance techniques of Naoshuang and Naoba.
在目瑙纵歌中，“瑙双”被认为是“太阳使者和月亮使者”，舞蹈技艺有严格、固定的传统套路和队伍人数，独成一体；“瑙巴”则是由群众担任领舞者，带领大家跳舞。
In Munao Zongge, "Naoshuang" is regarded as the "envoy of the sun and moon," with strict, fixed traditional routines and specified team sizes, forming a unique dance style. "Naoba," on the other hand, are community members who act as lead dancers to guide the crowd.
这些舞蹈，动作虽然不多，但顿步摆肩的韵律鲜明独特，而这正是景颇族舞蹈的代表性动作。
The dance features a small number of movements, but its distinct rhythm of stamping feet and swaying shoulders makes it the signature dance of the Jingpo ethnic group.
“瑙双瑙巴舞步”中，从“瑙双”入场、观察舞场，到敬拜、退场、返回，每一个步骤都承载着深厚的文化寓意，不同的舞步代表着招财庆丰收、庆祝胜利、庆贺新居落成等内容。
The Naoshuang-Naoba dance steps follow a complete sequence: from Naoshuang's entrance and observation of the ground, to paying homage, exiting, and returning. Every step carries profound cultural meaning, with different patterns symbolizing blessings for wealth and harvest, celebrations of victory, and housewarming ceremonies.
排麻约（景颇族目瑙纵歌省级非遗代表性传承人）：“我们陇川的瑙双瑙巴跳法，传说中的内容很丰富。跳的人员都跟随着瑙双瑙巴的脚步，懂的人看得出我们跳的内容是什么，意义何在，所以很有兴趣来学习这个（舞蹈）。”
Pai Mayue
, provincial intangible cultural heritage inheritor of Jingpo Munao Zongge: Our Naoshuang-Naoba dance style in Longchuan is rich in legendary stories. All dancers follow the steps of the Naoshuang and Naoba. Those who understand the dance can tell what we are portraying and its significance, which makes people eager to learn it.
每年的目瑙纵歌节上，各族群众、游客步入目瑙纵歌场同唱一首歌、共跳万人舞，画面极富民族感召力和凝聚力。
At the annual Munao Zongge Festival, people of all ethnic groups and visitors gather on the Munao Zongge ground to sing the same song and dance the ten-thousand-person dance, creating a scene full of ethnic appeal and solidarity.
排麻约：“我们现在跳的上万人舞，每个人都可以参加目瑙纵歌，每个人都可以跳，每个人都可以感受学习，是在很融合的大团体里面跳舞，这个是很难得的。”
Pai Mayue, provincial intangible cultural heritage inheritor of Jingpo Munao Zongge: The ten-thousand-person dance we perform today is open to everyone. Anyone can join Munao Zongge, dance along, and experience and learn it. We dance together as a harmonious community, which is truly precious.
今天，目瑙纵歌节已发展成为景颇人民欢庆丰收的民俗节日，围绕目瑙纵歌盛会核心文化符号——“瑙双瑙巴舞步”的传承工作仍在开展。
Today, the Munao Zongge Festival has evolved into a folk festival for the Jingpo people to celebrate harvests, and efforts to inherit the core cultural symbol of the grand gathering -- the "Naoshuang-Naoba dance steps" -- continue.
排麻约：“脚步的这个问题，我们在平时培训的时候，是很严格的，不仅仅是三两天的培训。以我自己来说，我入场到现在已经18年了。今天能够从我父亲那里学习到的东西，还是很多，又跟老师们学习到了今天，带领目瑙纵歌到这个程度，很有成就感。”
Pai Mayue, provincial intangible cultural heritage inheritor of Jingpo Munao Zongge: We are very strict with footwork training; it cannot be mastered in just two or three days. Personally, it has been 18 years since I first stepped onto the dance ground as a performer. I have learned so much from my father and teachers over the years, and I feel a great sense of accomplishment in leading the Munao Zongge performance to where it is today.
目瑙纵歌狂欢、民族团结晚会、过手米线长街宴…… 这，是景颇族人民发出的深情邀约。
The exuberant Munao Zongge Festival, evening gala highlighting ethnic unity, and long-table banquet featuring local specialty rice noodles... This is the sincere invitation from the Jingpo people for a share of the time-honored joy.
学术支持
Academic Support
中央民族大学互联网平台企业发展与治理研究中心
Research Center for Internet Platform Enterprise Development and Governance at Minzu University of China
鸣谢
Acknowledgement
中共德宏州委宣传部
The publicity department of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture
中共陇川县委宣传部
The publicity department of Longchuan County
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